CHAPTER V

VALID PUBLICATION OF NAMES

SECTION 4

NAMES IN PARTICULAR GROUPS

Article 43

43.1. In order to be validly published, a name of a new fossil-taxon published on or after 1 January 1996 must be accompanied by a Latin or English description or diagnosis or by a reference (see Art. 38.13) to a previously and effectively published Latin or English description or diagnosis.

Note 1. Because Art. 39.1 does not apply to names of fossil-taxa, a validating description or diagnosis (see Art. 38) in any language is acceptable for them prior to 1996.

43.2. A name of a new fossil-genus or lower-ranked fossil-taxon published on or after 1 January 1912 is not validly published unless it is accompanied by an illustration or figure showing the essential characters or by a reference to a previously and effectively published such illustration or figure. For this purpose, in the case of a name of a fossil-genus or subdivision of a fossil-genus, citation of, or reference (direct or indirect) to, a name of a fossil-species validly published on or after 1 January 1912 will suffice.

Ex. 1. “Laconiella” when published by Krasser (in Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. Abt. 1, 129: 16. 1920) included only one species, the intended name of which, “Laconiella sardinica”, was not validly published as no illustration or figure or reference to a previously and effectively published illustration or figure was provided. “Laconiella” is not therefore a validly published generic name.

Ex. 2. Batodendron Chachlov (in Izv. Sibirsk. Otd. Geol. Komiteta 2(5): 9, fig. 23–25. 1921) was published with a description and illustrations. Even though the new fossil-genus did not include any named species, its name is validly published (albeit as an illegitimate later homonym of the non-fossil generic name Batodendron Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 8: 261. 1842).

43.3. A name of a new fossil-species or infraspecific fossil-taxon published on or after 1 January 2001 is not validly published unless at least one of the validating illustrations is identified as representing the type specimen (see also Art. 9.15).

Note 2. A nomenclatural novelty applied to a fungal fossil-taxon and published on or after 1 January 2013 must comply with Art. F.5.1 and F.5.2 in order to be validly published.