CONGRESS ACTION, VIII IBC (1954)
Congress action on proposals-to-amend-the-Code at
the VIII IBC,
the 1954, Paris Congress.
Based on (by permission of the IAPT):
[F.A. Stafleu ?]
“VIIIth
International Botanical Congress, Paris 1954.
Nomenclature Section” (in Taxon 3: 184-190. 1954).
But adjusted here and there according to the proceedings
(based
on notes by M. Pichon and F.A. Stafleu, in
Taxon 4:
123-152,
153-167,
167-172. 1955).
Links go to the relevant page of a PDF, a local copy
(copyright
IAPT.
However, this may be off one page (browser-dependent;
some browsers do not count the page added by JSTOR).
See also:
•
conversion table
•
list of proposals
| Synopsis | Proposal as submitted | Congress action | Miscellaneous |
The change of title (from Rules to Code)
was discussed. The
President ruled that the Editorial Committee had acted within its
mandate in changing the title. This ruling was adopted by a large
majority of the Section.
| Title - Prop. A | – 034 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Title - Prop. B | – [sn-01] – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Title - Prop. C | – [sn-02] – pC-Genève | – yes / ed.c. |
It was proposed (Korf) and accepted that a 2/3 majority would
be required for a proposal to be accepted.
| Chap. I - Prop. A | – 035 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Chap. I - Prop. B | – [sn-03] – Rapporteur | – yes | |
| Art. 1 - Prop. A | – 036 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 1 - Prop. B | – 121 – Rousseau | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 1 - Prop. C | – [sn-04] – pC-Genève |
was accepted as amended (de Wit), to eliminate “which is”.
| Art. 2 - Prop. A | – 036 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 2 - Prop. B | – [sn-05] – Rapporteur | – yes | |
| Art. 3 - Prop. A | – 036 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 3 - Prop. B | – 121 – Rousseau | – yes | |
| Art. 4 - Prop. A | – 036 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 4 - Prop. B | – [sn-06] – Rapporteur | – yes | |
| Art. 5 - Prop. A | – 036 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 5 - Prop. B | – [sn-07] – Rapporteur | – withdrawn | |
| Art. 6 - Prop. A | – 139 – Boivin |
after discussion this was referred to the
Committees for Fungi
and
for Algae which first reported separately
but later made a
joint report with a replacement text,
which was accepted by
the Section:
“If,
however, an organism is transferred from the animal
to the plant kingdom, its name or names shall be
automatically accepted as validly published under the
botanical Code provided they were validly published
under the zoological Code. However, the choice of the
correct name shall be made in accordance with the rules
of botanical nomenclature and, except for organisms
treated as algae, it must have been or be validly published
in the form provided by these rules.
If an organism is
transferred from the plant to the animal kingdom, its
names retain their status in botanical nomenclature for
purposes of homonymy.
Note. In cases of homonymy botanical nomenclature will
take precedence.”
| Art. 7 - Prop. A | – 099 – Ross | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 7 - Prop. B | – [sn-08] – Rapporteur |
the first part was withdrawn,
the second part accepted and
referred to the Editorial Committee.
The rewording of Art. 7 as suggested by Brenan
(Art. 82 Prop. A,
Prop. 100) was recommended against by the committee on
orthography.
| Art. 8 - Prop. A | – 036 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 8 - Prop. B | – 038 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 8 - Prop. C | – [sn-09] – Rapporteur | – yes | |
| Art. 9 - Prop. A | – 036 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 9 - Prop. B | – 080 – Doty | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 9 - Prop. C | – 081 – St. John & Newhouse | – no | |
| Art. 9 - Prop. D | – [sn-10] – Rapporteur |
was accepted as amended (Donk), to replace “general
taxonomic position” by “taxonomic rank”.
of these,
Prop. B was accepted as amended, to remove (Baehni,
Korf) the five last words of the Article
“with certain distinctly
specified exceptions”
and to eliminate (Donk)
“Note. In
general ...” from the proposal.
were replaced by a motion to combine
Arts 2,
17 & Rec. 17A,
which was accepted by the Section.
| Sect. 2 - Prop. A | – 047 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 18 - Prop. A | – 011 – Fosberg | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 18 - Prop. B | – 047 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 18 - Prop. C | – 077 – St John | – yes | Genève: – |
| Art. 18 - Prop. D | – [sn-20] – Rapporteur |
was accepted as amended (Dandy, Rousseau), to replace
“must be chosen” by “may be chosen”.
| Art. 18 - Prop. E | – [sn-21] – Rapporteur | – yes | Genève: + |
| Rec. 18A - Prop. A | – [sn-22] – Rapporteur | – as a Note | |
| Art. 19 - Prop. A | – 047 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | Genève: ed.c. |
| Art. 19 - Prop. B | – 140 – Wheeler | – no (mail vote) | Genève: – |
| Art. 19 - Prop. C | – [sn-23] –Rapporteur | – as a Rec. | Genève: + |
| Rec. 19A - Prop. A | – 047 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Rec. 19B - Prop. A | – 047 – PdL & Alvarez | – ed.c. | |
| Rec. 19B - Prop. B | – 144 – Florschütz | – no |
but the general problem referred to the Editorial Committee.
| Rec. 19C - Prop. A | – [sn-24] – Rapporteur | – yes | |
| Rec. 19D - Prop. A | – [sn-25] – Rapporteur | – yes | |
| Art. 20 - Prop. A | – 004 – Baehni | – ed.c. | Genève: ed.c. |
| Art. 20 - Prop. B | – 004a – Sprague | – ed.c. | Genève: ed.c. |
| Art. 20 - Prop. C | – 047 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 20 - Prop. D | – 080 – Doty | – ed.c. | Genève: ed.c. |
| Art. 21 - Prop. A | – 047 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 21 - Prop. B | – 144 – Florschütz | – no | c.al.: –, fu.: –, li.: + |
| Art. 21bis - Prop. A | – 027 – Pichi-Sermolli | – withdrawn | |
| Art. 23 - Prop. A | – 004 – Baehni | – ed.c. | c.fos.: – |
| Art. 23 - Prop. B | – 011 – Fosberg | – no (mail vote) | c.fos.: –, c.fun.: – |
| Art. 23 - Prop. C | – 004a – Sprague | c.fos.: – |
was referred to the Committee for Palaeobotanical
Nomenclature.
This recommended adoption of a proposal to
the Stockholm Congress by Schopf
(Art. 20 Prop. 7, 1950–22),
which proposed replacing the sentence beginning with
“The
nomenclature of fossil plants” by
“(j)
Fossil plants of all groups, Dec. 31, 1820 (Sternberg,
Flora der Vorwelt, Versuch, Fasc. I, pp. 1-24, pls. I-XIII).
Note: Schlotheim, Petrefactenkunde, 1820,
is regarded
as published prior to legitimate nomenclature for fossil
plants.”
| Art. 23 - Prop. D | – 045 – SMdF | – no | c.fun.: – |
| Art. 23 - Prop. E | – 145 – Diehl & al. | – withdrawn | Genève: c.fun. |
| Art. 23 - Prop. F | – 164 – Margadant | – no (mail vote) | Genève: – |
| Art. 23 - Prop. G | – [sn-26] – Herter | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 23 - Prop. H | – [sn-27] – pC-Genève | – ed.c. | |
| Art. 23 - Prop. I | – [sn-28] – pC-Genève |
the first three points were accepted and referred to the various
committees.
A motion from the floor (Ainsworth) was accepted to add:
“g. Bacteria, 1 May 1753 (Linnaeus, Species Plantarum ed. 1).”
i & j were rejected but item k was accepted.
was accepted as
amended (Dandy), to read “or repeat the
names ...”.
| Art. 31 - Prop. D | – [sn-39] – Rapporteur | – yes | Genève: + |
| Art. 32 - Prop. A | – 045 – SMdF | – no (mail vote) | Stearn: – |
| Art. 32 - Prop. B | – 077 – St John | – no | Bull.: ?, Stearn: – |
| Art. 32 - Prop. C | – 080 – Doty | – ed.c. | Stearn: – |
| Art. 32 - Prop. D | – 120 – Janchen | – no (mail vote) | Stearn: – |
| Art. 32 - Prop. E | – 123 – Pinto da Silva | – yes | Stearn: – |
| Art. 32 - Prop. F | – 146 – Rogers | – no | Gen.: +, Stearn: – |
| Art. 32 - Prop. G | – 139 – Boivin | – no | Stearn: – |
It was suggested (Léonard) to also
have sections that include
the type of a subgenus to repeat the epithet.
A motion from the floor (Bullock) was rejected, to let autonyms
(at the rank of subgenus and section)
have the same date of
publication as the name of the genus.
| Subsect. 5 - Prop. A | – 092 – Paclt | – no |
but deletion (Fuchs) of “(binary names)” was accepted.
In the discussion on Art. 34 and 35, a proposal from the floor
(Dandy)
was accepted that the Editorial Committee make it
clear that the new name (the autonym) is automatically created
(“and bears the same epithet”).
| Art. 34 - Prop. B | – 004 – Baehni | – ed.c. | Genève: ed.c. |
| Art. 34 - Prop. C | – 004a – Sprague | – ed.c. | Genève: ed.c. |
| Art. 34 - Prop. D | – 103 – Ross | – ed.c. | |
| Art. 34 - Prop. E | – 148 – Cortés | – ed.c. | |
| Art. 35 - Prop. A | – 011 – Fosberg | – no (mail vote) | Genève: – |
| Art. 35 - Prop. B | – 120 – Janchen | – no (mail vote) | Genève: – |
| Art. 35 - Prop. C | – 122 – Litardière | – no (mail vote) | Gen.: –, Bull.: – |
| Rec. 37B - Prop. A | – 054 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 38 - Prop. A | – 104 – Stearn | – no (mail vote) | Genève: – |
| Sect. 5 - Prop. A | – 097 – PdL & Mencia | – no (mail vote) | |
| Sect. 5 - Prop. B | – [sn-46] – Rapporteur | – yes | |
| Art. 39 - Prop. A | – 011 – Fosberg | – yes | Genève: sp.c. |
| Art. 39 - Prop. B | – 077 – St John | – yes | Gen.: sp.c., Bull.: + |
| Art. 39 - Prop. C | – 077 – St John | – yes | Genève: sp.c. |
| Art. 39 - Prop. D | – 105 – Dandy |
was accepted as amended (Dandy, Amaral Franco, Fosberg)
to read:
“Publication
is effected, under this Code, only by
distribution of printed matter (through sale, exchange
or gift) to the general
public or at least to botanical
institutions with libraries accessible to botanists
generally.”
| Art. 39 - Prop. E | – 140 – Wheeler | – no | Bullock: – |
| Art. 39 - Prop. F | – 140 – Wheeler | – no | Bullock: – |
| Rec. 39A Prop. A* | – [sn-71] |
a motion (special committee of the Genève conference:
Dandy, Amaral Franco, Fosberg: see also
Art. 39 Prop. D)
was accepted, that in Rec. 39A the words
“new species,
names, or combinations”
be replaced by the words “new
names or descriptions”..
| Art. 42 - Prop. A | – 044 – Raizada | – no (mail vote) | G.: –, B.: –, P.: – |
| Art. 42 - Prop. B | – 077 – St John | – no (mail vote) | Gen.: –, Pichon: – |
| Art. 42 - Prop. C | – 077 – St John | – no (mail vote) | Pichon: – |
| Art. 42 - Prop. D | – 080 – Doty |
the first half was accepted, the second half rejected.
| Art. 42 - Prop. E | – 091 – Paclt | – ed.c. | |
| Art. 42 - Prop. F | – 139 – Boivin | – ed.c. |
A request (St John) to have
the Editorial Committee clarify
the last paragraph of Art. 42 was accepted.
A general motion (Ross) was accepted, that the Editorial
Committee
be instructed that any date written into the rules
as a result of a decision of this Congress
as a starting point
for the applicability of any rule
be at least one year after
the publication of the revised edition of the Code.
| Rec. 42A - Prop. A | – 004 – Baehni | – yes | |
| Art. 43 - Prop. A | – 004 – Baehni | – no (mail vote) | Sprague: – |
| Art. 43 - Prop. B | – 140 – Wheeler | – no | |
| Art. 44 - Prop. A | – 045 – SMdF | – no (mail vote) | Genève: – |
| Art. 44 - Prop. B | – 076 – Fritsch & al. | – no (mail vote) | Genève: – |
| Art. 44 - Prop. C | – 077 – St John | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 44 - Prop. D | – 149 – Rogers | – ed.c. | |
| Art. 44 - Prop. E | – [sn-47] – Rapporteur | – yes | Genève: + |
| Art. 44 - Prop. F | – [sn-48] – Rapporteur | – yes | |
| Art. 44 - Prop. G* | – [sn-72] |
a motion from the floor (Committee for Algae), was
accepted,
to fix a date from which a Latin diagnosis is required for the
valid publication of the name of a new taxon of algae.
| Art. 44bis - Prop. A | – 080 – Doty | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 44bis - Prop. B | – 084 – Lamoureux | – ed.c. | |
| Art. 44bis - Prop. C | – [sn-49] – Rapporteur | – yes | Genève: + |
but the last sentence to be made into a Recommendation.
| Art. 45 - Prop. A | – 0 76 – Fritsch & al. | – yes | c.al.: +, fu.: –, li.: + |
the Committee for Algae recommending this text:
“On
and from 1 January 1955 the name of a new taxon of
algae of specific or lower rank is not considered as validly
published unless it is accompanied by one or more
illustrations showing the distinctive morphological features,
or by a reference to a previously and effectively published
illustration.”
A suggestion was made (St John) to replace
“subdivision of a
species” by
“infraspecific taxon”.
| Art. 71 - Prop. A | – 125 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 73 - Prop. A | – 004 – Baehni | – no (mail vote) | Sprague: – |
| Art. 73 - Prop. B | – 011 – Fosberg | – yes | |
| Art. 73 - Prop. C | – 086 – Lamberton | – withdrawn | Bullock: – |
| Art. 73 - Prop. D | – 114 – Ross | – ed.c. | |
| Art. 73 - Prop. E | – 152 – Lamberton | – no (mail vote) | Bullock: – |
| Art. 73 - Prop. F | – 120 – Janchen | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 73 - Prop. G | – 115 – Hubbard | – ed.c. [ ] | = Art. 75 - D |
| Art. 74 - Prop. A | – 011 – Fosberg | – ed.c. | |
| Art. 74 - Prop. B | – 021 – Willis | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 74 - Prop. C | – 077 – St John | – yes | |
| Art. 74 - Prop. D | – 140 – Wheeler | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 74bis - Prop. A | – 075 – Rickett | – no (mail vote) | Genève: – |
| Art. 75 - Prop. A | – 011 – Fosberg | – no (mail vote) | Genève: – |
| Art. 75 - Prop. B | – 077 – St John | – no (mail vote) | Genève: – |
| Art. 75 - Prop. C | – 080 – Doty | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 75 - Prop. D | – 115 – Hubbard | = Art. 73 Prop. G | Genève: ed.c. |
| Art. 75 - Prop. E | – 122 – Litardière | – yes | Genève: ed.c. |
It was pointed out (Baehni) that the word “taxon” here is
unfortunate,
as it is unclear if the name applies to a single taxon.
Referred to the Editorial Committee.
| Art. 76 - Prop. A | – 004a – Sprague | – no (mail vote) | |
| Art. 76 - Prop. B | – 046 – Ciferri & Tomaselli | – no | c.fun.: –, c.lic.: – |
| Art. 76 - Prop. C | – 126 – PdL & Alvarez | – no | c.fun.: –, c.lic.: – |
| Art. 76 - Prop. D | – 143 – Mattick | – ed.c. | |
| Art. 76 - Prop. E | – 143 – Mattick | – no | c.fun.: –, c.lic.: ? |
| Art. 76 - Prop. F | – [sn-63] – Rapporteur | – yes / ed.c. | c.fun.: + |
| Art. 77 - Prop. A | – 011 – Fosberg | – no |
but Art. 77 referred to the Committee on Stabilization.
the last sentence of Art. 81 instead to become a Note.
| Sect. 14 - Prop. A | – 127 – PdL & Alvarez | – yes |
The report of the special committee on orthography by
(instituted
the Genève conference)
was accepted as a whole and referred to
the Editorial Committee.
| Art. 82 - Prop. A | – 100 – Brenan | sp.c.orth.: + |
the following wording was suggested by Rickett and supported
by Sprague:
“The
consonants w and y, foreign to classical Latin, and K,
rare in that language,
are permissible in botanical Latin.
Diacritic signs are not used in botanical Latin. In names
(either new or old) drawn from words in which such signs
appear, the signs must be suppressed with the necessary
transcription of the letters so modified; for example,
ä,
ö,
ü
become respectively
ae,
oe,
ue;
é,
è,
ê become
e, or
sometimes
ae;
ø becomes
oe. The diaeresis, however, is
permissible
(Cephaëlis not Cephaelis).”
A rewording (Pichon) of Rec. 82B(c) and 82C(c) was also offered.
| Art. 82 - Prop. B | – 077 – St John | sp.c.orth.: + |
was recommended by two of the members of the committee
on orthography, but the third (Sprague) suggested to not
only keep the Note but to add a new Note:
“Note 2bis.
The use of the terminations
i,
ae or
anus instead
of
ii,
iae or
ianus
prescribed in Rec. 82C(a), (b) and (d)
and Rec. 82D, and the reverse errors,
are treated as
unintentional orthographic errors.”
| Art. 82 - Prop. C | – 077 – St John | – no | sp.c.orth.: – |
| Art. 82 - Prop. D | – 077 – St John | – yes | sp.c.orth.: + |
| Art. 82 - Prop. E | – 120 – Janchen | – no | sp.c.orth.: – |
but the committee did advise to add a reference.
| Art. 82 - Prop. F | – 123 – Pinto da Silva | – no | sp.c.orth.: – |
but the committee did advise a rewording:
“When two
or more generic names are similar
and are
likely to be confused
because they are applied to related
taxa or for any other reason,
they are to be treated as
variants of the same name.”
| Art. 82 - Prop. G | – 153 – Conners | – no | sp.c.orth.: – |
| Rec. 82A - Prop. A | – 005 – Buchanan | sp.c.orth.: + |
the committee suggested a rewording:
“When
a new name or epithet of a taxon is to be derived
from Greek, the transliteration to Latin form should
conform to classical usage.”
Rec. 82I:
two out of three members of the committee on orthography
suggest the deletion of this recommendation.
Being only a
recommendation, it cannot provide a basis for changes in existing
names; and it is of no use as a guide to the making of new names.
| Rec. 83A - Prop. A | – 077 – St John | – no (mail vote) | sp.c.orth.: – |
| Rec. 83A - Prop. B | – 077 – St John | – no | sp.c.orth.: – |
| Rec. 83A - Prop. C | – 117 – Stearn | – yes | sp.c.orth.: + |
| Rec. 83A - Prop. D | – 120 – Janchen | – yes | sp.c.orth.: + |
| Rec. 83A - Prop. E | – 155 – Rogers | – yes | sp.c.orth.: + |
| Rec. 83A - Prop. F | – 129 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | sp.c.orth.: – |
| Sect. 16 - Prop. A | – 134 – PdL & Alvarez | – no | |
| Sect. 16 - Prop. B | – [sn-68] – Rapporteur | – yes | Genève: + |
| Rec. 83C - Prop. A | – 120 – Janchen | – yes | |
| Rec. 83C - Prop. B | – 121 – Rousseau | – yes | |
| Rec. 83F - Prop. A | – 042 – Dyer | – no | |
| Div. III - Prop. A | – 011 – Fosberg | – no (mail vote) | |
| Div. III - Prop. B | – 121 – Rousseau | – no (mail vote) | |
| Div. III - Prop. C | – [sn-69] – pC-Genève | c.fun.: +, c.lic.: + |
was accepted as
amended by:
-
in Provision 1: the deletion of the second paragraph;
-
in Provision 2: replacing
“elected” by “appointed”, the
inclusion of the president and the secretary of the IAPT in
the General Committee, replacing the words “committee
itself” by “Nomenclature Section”,
and the adoption of
a Committee for Virus; and
-
in Provision 4: deletion of
point 2 of 4A(a) and the whole
of 4A(b),
and insertion into 4B of the maximum of 7
institutional votes (from the deleted 4A(b)).
| Chap. VII - Prop. A | – 130 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Chap. VII - Prop. B | – 131 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) | |
| Chap. VII - Prop. C | – 133 – PdL & Alvarez | – no (mail vote) |
In the discussion on Art. 18, a proposal (Wheeler) was accepted
to both insert the provisions of Appendix I into the Code at the
relevant places, and to retain it as a whole.
It was also suggested
(Schulze) to rename it.
It was proposed (Fuchs) to add a Spanish translation of the Code.
After some discussion, the President ruled that the English, French
and German versions of the Code would all be official but in
cases of difference of opinion we should choose the English one
arbitrarily as the correct one. This ruling was accepted by the
Section.
* = proposal not included in Synopsis
Abbreviations used:
PdL = Ponce de León (Antonio Ponce de León y Aymé)
SMdF = Société Mycologique de France
pC-Genève = the pre-Congres at Genève
General notes
Regarding the preliminary mail vote, any proposal attracting
more than 200 no-votes in the preliminary mail vote
was
ruled as rejected, unless raised again from the floor. The
Section decided that any proposal gaining 200 or more
yes-votes was assumed to be ready for acceptance
without
much discussion.
All proposals that the Section did not manage to deal with
were referred to the Editorial Committee.
Committees
Special Committees (to report to the next Congress) set up:
•
Special Committee on Stabilisation.
To it were referred:
-
the problem of Art. 77,
-
Art. 78bis Prop. A
(Prop. 1 by Dandy & al.),
-
Art. 77bis Prop. A
(Prop. 183 by Grumman), and
-
Art. 24bis Prop. B
(Prop. [sn-30] by the pre-Congres at Genève).
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